Early Muslim Encounters with Feminism: Women’s Education in the Late Ottoman Empire

Feminist theory and the liberal ideological foundations it emerged from are a uniquely post-enlightenment, Western phenomenon. In modern times, the imagined scale of “social progress” still weighs heavily in the favor of Western countries, leading to practices that would be considered extreme even to an audience from a decade prior. Countless articles from Muslim Skeptic […]



source https://muslimskeptic.com/2026/09/03/feminism-womens-education-ottoman-empire/